Quenching and annealing are two important steps in the heat treatment process of metals, each of which has a specific purpose and operating procedure. The following is a detailed explanation of quenching and annealing:

I. Quenching

Definition: quenching is the workpiece is heated to a critical temperature (such as Ac ₃ for sub-eutectic steel, or Ac ₁ for over-eutectic steel) above the insulation for a period of time, so that all or part of the austenitization, and then cooled to a cooling rate greater than the critical rate of fast cooling to Ms below (or Ms near the isothermal) for the transformation of the martensite (or bainite) heat treatment process.
Purpose: the main purpose of quenching is to make the supercooled austenite martensite or bainite transformation, martensite or bainite organization, thus significantly improving the rigidity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and toughness of the steel, in order to meet the different requirements for the use of a variety of mechanical parts and tools.
Application: quenching process is mainly used for steel parts, such as hammerheads, gears and other parts that require a high degree of hardness and strength.
Quenching medium: commonly used quenching and cooling medium are brine, water, mineral oil, air, etc.. Different quenching medium will affect the cooling rate and quenching effect.
Second, annealing

Definition: Annealing is a metal heat treatment process in which the metal is slowly heated to a certain temperature, kept at a certain temperature for a sufficient period of time, and then cooled at a suitable rate (usually slow cooling, sometimes controlled cooling).
Purpose: the purpose of annealing, including reducing hardness, improve machinability; reduce residual stress, stabilize the size, reduce deformation and cracking tendency; refine the grain, adjust the organization, to eliminate organizational defects; uniform material organization and composition, improve material properties or for the future heat treatment to do the organization of preparation.
Annealing method: According to the workpiece requirements for the purpose of annealing different, annealing process specification there are a variety of commonly used complete annealing, spheroidal annealing, and stress relief annealing.
Annealing temperature: the choice of annealing temperature is based on the phase diagram of the alloy system, such as carbon steel to iron and carbon equilibrium diagram as the basis. Most of the alloy annealing heating temperature selection is in the alloy system phase transition temperature range above or within a certain temperature.
To summarize: quenching and annealing are two essential steps in the heat treatment of metals. Quenching increases the hardness and strength of a material by rapid cooling, while annealing reduces hardness, improves machinability and material properties by slow heating and cooling. Both have important applications in the field of metal working.

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