Counterflow closed cooling tower

Counterflow closed cooling tower, so named because the refrigerant and heat medium flow in opposite directions, with the spray water sprayed from top to bottom and the air flowing upwards at high speed from below. It mainly consists of heat exchange coils, a spray water system, a draft system, and a frame shell.

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Counterflow closed cooling tower

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Counterflow closed cooling tower

Overview

A counterflow closed-circuit cooling tower is a special cooling device characterized by opposite flow directions of the refrigerant and the hot medium. This cooling tower sprays water from top to bottom using a spray system, while air flows upwards at high speed, achieving efficient heat exchange. Its main components include heat exchange coils, a spray system, a draft system, and a frame shell. These components work together to make the cooling effect more significant. This cooling tower has a compact structure, stable operation, and is widely used in various places requiring cooling.

Working Process

► The spray pump draws water from the sump and pumps it to the top of the heat exchange coils. It is sprayed in an umbrella shape through the nozzles, continuously and evenly covering the outer surface of the pipes, forming a thin water film. Part of the water absorbs the heat from the cooling medium in the pipes; the liquid water turns into water vapor, and the evaporation takes away the heat. The cooling medium inside the pipes is cooled or condensed into a liquid state. The un-evaporated spray water falls back into the spray sump.

► Draft System: The top fan is an intake type, drawing air from inside the tower and discharging it outwards. The cold and dry air outside the tower enters the tower through the air intake grille after filtering out impurities. It flows upwards from the bottom of the heat exchange coils, carrying away the evaporated water vapor, increasing the humidity and temperature of the air, and discharging it outside the tower by the fan;

► A float valve is installed in the spray sump. When the water level is low, it automatically replenishes the supply to maintain a certain water level in the sump;

► Electrical control: The outlet temperature of the cooling medium is detected online and fed back to the data processing center. According to the temperature of the cooling medium, the spray water pump and fan are automatically controlled to start and stop, achieving energy saving.

Counterflow Closed-Circuit Cooling Tower Operating Principle

► Internal Circulation: After the circulating water is heated by the heat source equipment, it enters the surface cooler and undergoes indirect heat exchange through the surface cooler. The cooled circulating water is then sent back to the heat source equipment by the water pump.

► External Circulation: The spray water is sent to the spray system from the sump. After the water is sprayed, it contacts the surface cooler for evaporative heat exchange. The wet and hot steam is discharged by the fan, and the un-evaporated spray water falls into the sump and is then pumped to the spray system by the water pump for recirculation.

Features of Counterflow Closed-Circuit Cooling Tower

► Compact Structure: Compared to the crossflow type, the counterflow tower has a more compact structure and more coil heat dissipation area, resulting in low system water resistance. It is more suitable for cooling projects with small temperature differences and large flow rates, such as those commonly used in the iron and steel metallurgy industry.

► Integrated System: It can be designed as dozens of parallel cooling units, such as for cooling the circulating water of a blast furnace water-cooled wall; it can also be miniaturized, occupying a small footprint. When combined with a circulating water pump, it can be made into an integrated unit for easy movement.

► Application Range: It can be placed on the ground or on the top of a structure or water pool, offering flexible installation locations. The compact structure of small equipment allows it to be placed in workshops. Therefore, it is frequently chosen for various applications, ranging from blast furnaces, continuous casting and rolling crystallizers, chemical reactions, monocrystalline silicon, heat treatment, air conditioning and refrigeration, data centers, to smaller applications such as high and medium frequency electric furnace power supplies and induction coil cooling.

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